Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is defined as a qualitative enamel defect of unknown
etiology that affects one or more permanent molars and may also affect the permanent
incisors. Clinically, the presentation of MIH depends on severity: lesions can range from
mild, with white to yellow-brown discolored opacities, to severe, with extensive
post-eruptive enamel breakdown and atypical caries. Hypomineralized enamel has increased
porosity with reduced mineral content, which promotes bacteria penetration, resulting in
development and rapid progression of dental caries and subclinical chronic pulp inflammation.
Treatment of teeth affected by MIH pose a clinical challenge due to several reasons.
Post-eruptive breakdown of inadequately formed enamel exposes underlying dentin, resulting in
hypersensitivity to hot and cold temperatures, air, and water. This increased tooth
sensitivity leads to poor oral hygiene and subsequent plaque retention. Additionally, chronic
subclinical inflammation of the pulp hypersensitizes the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
receptors in the pulp nerve tissue and reduces the pain threshold in these teeth. This
weakens the action of local anesthetics making it difficult to achieve adequate pain control
during dental treatment.
Recently, 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF), a solution of silver fluoride and ammonium ions,
has been shown to be effective in tooth desensitization by blocking dentinal tubules and
promoting remineralization of demineralized tooth structure. SDF can be useful in managing
symptomatic MIH-affected teeth by stimulating the production of calcium fluoride and silver
iodide, both of which are able to occlude dentinal tubules and reduce their patency.
The purpose of this randomized, controlled clinical study is to evaluate the efficacy of
local anesthesia on MIH-affected molars treated with 38% SDF. The goal is to determine if
pre-operative application of SDF results in improved local anesthesia and decrease in
procedural pain in MIH affected teeth, thereby addressing an important challenge in routine
clinical practice and contributing to the development of a treatment protocol for MIH
affected molars.
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